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The Walled City of Kaesong surround the royal castle, Manwoldae. The walls have a total length of 23 km and are partially preserved. The walls were built using the surrounding landscape as a defensive structure (Korean city walls were generally constructed on the crests of hills), following the principles of geomancy. Small walls have likely been present on the site since the Silla period; the walls were made from beaten earth during the Koryo dynasty. Many portions were rebuilt with stone during the 14th Century. A large portion of the stone walls still exist into modern times, and parts of the earthen walls are still visible. The exterior wall date from the 11th Century and the interior wall from the 14th Century. The walls had around twenty gates, many of which survive today.〔 It is listed as a National Treasures of North Korea. ==Four walls== *Kungsong (, Manwoldae; ) *Hwangsong (, Parochamsong; ) *Naesong (, Panwolsong; ) *Oesong (, Rasong; ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaesong city walls」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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